십이연기(十二緣起) Twelve Links of Dependent Origination Twelve Nidanas

십이연기 12 항목 – 한국어 / 산스크리트 / 영어 무명(無明) – Avidyā – Ignorance 행(行) – Saṃskāra – Volitional Formations / Karmic Formations 식(識) – Vijñāna – Consciousness 명색(名色) – Nāma-rūpa – Name-and-Form (Mind and Body) 육입(六入) – Ṣaḍāyatana – Six Sense Bases 촉(觸) – Sparśa – Contact 수(受) – Vedanā – Feeling / Sensation 애(愛) – Tṛṣṇā – Craving 취(取) – Upādāna – Clinging / Grasping 유(有) – Bhava – Becoming / Existence 생(生) – Jāti – Birth 노사(老死) – Jarā-maraṇa – Aging and Death